Item

Percent of Selected Groups Responding to
Each Alternative

High-
School
Students

Military
Students

Social
Studies
Teachers

Who’s
Who

Selected
Adults

Item 1. The recent Atlantic Charter
bears the greatest resemblance in
nature and purpose to which of these?

1) The Monroe Doctrine

*2) The Fourteen Points

3) The Nine Power Pact

4) The Kellogg-Briand Pact

Omitted

48.9

28.2

12.6

5.4

4.9

32.0

36.9

15.9

10.6

4.6

7.5

74.0

7.0

8.0

3.5

4.3

82.8

10.8

2.2

0.0

26.9

43.5

15.6

6.6

7.4

Item 2. Which of these nations was
the first to engage in unwarranted
aggression during the past decade,
and, as a result, inaugurated a
period of international lawlessness?

*1) Japan

2) Italy

3) Germany

4) Russia

Omitted

41.1

11.6

40.7

4.9

1.7 

66.5

15.2

16.9

0.8

0.8

71.5

20.0

6.5

0.0

2.0

69.9

25.8

4.3

0.0

0.0

56.3

21.2

19.4

1.6

1.5

Item 3. Which of these was greatly
stimulated by the Civil War?

1) The establishment of free trade

2) The disestablishment of the National Banking System

*3) The rapid growth of industry

4) Consolidation of Southern plantations

Omitted

9.7

8.2

57.8

21.5

2.9

13.6

7.4

63.4

13.8

1.7

3.5

2.0 

88.5

3.5

2.5

1.1

1.1

93.6

3.2

1.1

18.8

5.2

60.3

11.5

4.2

Item 4. Which of these provisions of
the Fourteenth Amendment, because
of its broad interpretation, had the
greatest influence upon the
development of the United States?

1) Neither the United States nor
any individual state may assume
the debt incurred by the seceding
states.

*2) No state may deprive a citizen
of life or property without due
process of law.

3) Representation of a state in Congress is to be reduced if that state denies Negroes the right to vote. 

4) Former Confederates who held political offices are excluded from again holding office until restored to citizenship by Congress. 

Omitted 

12.1

53.6

22.2

5.8 

6.3

11.9

63.8

15.2

2.8

6.2

6.5

78.5

7.5

2.0 

5.5

3.2

92.5

2.2

0.0

2.2

5.1

70.4

10.2

2.8

11.5

Item 5. Which of these traditional rights and freedoms of the American people is most commonly restricted during time of war?

1) Right of trial by jury 

2) Right to vote and hold office

*3) Freedom of speech and press

4) Freedom of religion

Omitted

4.7 

6.8

86.0

1.1

1.4

1.3 

2.5

94.7

0.4

1.1

2.5

1.0

96.5

0.0

0.0

6.5

2.2

91.4

0.0

0.0

3.7

4.0

89.2

1.3

1.8

Item 6. Which of these was the last step to be taken previous to full American participation in the present war?

1) Passage of the Lease-Lend Act

2) Repeal of the “cash and carry” clause

*3) Arming of American merchant ships

4) Establishment of the Atlantic patrol

Omitted

36.8

8.8

31.2

20.9

2.3

22.4

9.5

42.2

25.4

0.6

22.0

11.0

41.0

23.5

2.5

16.1

4.3

36.6

40.9

2.2

26.3

8.6

34.8

26.2

4.2

Item 7. The frontier line of which of
the following years is shown on the
map above?

1) 1820

2) 1840

*3) 1860

4) 1880

Omitted

29.4

37.2

23.4

5.6

4.3

32.8

43.0

19.1

3.6

1.5

39.5

43.0

16.0

1.0

0.5 

43.0

44.1

11.8

0.0

1.1

29.6

36.9

19.9

4.6

8.9

Item 8. Three of the following were objectives of the Caribbean policy of the United States during the first quarter of the twentieth century. Which was not?

1) To protect American investments in that area

2) To make unnecessary foreign intervention in that area

3) To guarantee the security of the Panama Canal

*4) To provide bases for the protection of continental United States (or South America) 

Omitted

8.0

46.4

15.2

24.4

5.0

9.5

50.8

8.7

28.6

2.5

1.5

34.0

4.0

58.0

2.5

9.7

15.1 

7.5

66.7

1.1

11.5

30.9

11.6

36.3

9.7

Item 9. Which of the following
decreased as a direct or indirect
result of the mechanization of
agriculture during the last half
century?

1) The yield per farm worker 

2) The amount of farm indebtededness and tenantry

3) The size of farms 

*4) The self-sufficiency of farmers

Omitted

13.2

56.0

5.8

22.5

2.5

6.1

56.3

6.4

29.7

1.5 

3.0 

22.0

4.5

69.0

1.5

5.4

26.9

9.7

58.1

0.0

8.5

43.7

6.0

37.6

4.2

Item 10. Which of these is true of
the decade of the 1930’s in the
United States?

1) An increase in immigration and a
decrease in emigration

2) A marked increase, followed by a sharp decline, in the power and membership of labor unions

3) A firmer establishment of the policy of laissez-faire in the relations between government and business

*4) Development of more amicable relationships with the other nations of the Western Hemisphere

Omitted

25.9

18.7

15.3

33.5

6.6

14.4

12.1

16.1

53.0

4.4 

1.5

5.0

6.5

84.5

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.2

92.5

1.1

11.8

10.3

10.6

58.8

8.5

Item 11. Which of these parts of
Woodrow Wilson’s peace program did
the United States make the greatest
efforts to establish during the decade
following the first World War?

1) Formation of a general association
of nations to preserve peace

34.4

22.2 

8.0

6.5

20.0

2) Removal of economic barriers among nations 

14.3

9.9

3.0

3.2

5.7

*3) General disarmament

34.8

61.0

83.0

82.8

63.5

4) Freedom of the seas during both war and peace

14.8

5.7

4.5

7.5

7.4

Omitted

1.7

1.3

1.5

0.0

3.3

Item 12. The purpose which the Sugar
and Molasses Act of 1733 was designed
to serve within the British Empire
as a whole would most closely
approximate the purpose of which
of these?

1) A pure food law

11.7

4.9

2.0

4.3

8.9

2) A sales tax

11.5

15.9

6.5

9.7

8.3

*3) A protective tariff

33.8

31.4

43.0 

35.5

27.8

4) A tariff for revenue 

39.9

43.6 

41.5

39.8

43.0

Omitted 

3.2

4.2

7.0

10.8

12.1

Item 13. After which of these events
did national legislation reflect a
widespread feeling of nationalism?

1) Adoption of the Articles of Confederation 

36.0

23.7

7.0 

9.7

25.4

*2) War of 1812 

31.8

37.9

62.5

45.2

31.7

3) Election of Andrew Jackson

13.1 

22.9

15.0

16.1

15.3

4) Mexican War

13.1

9.9

13.0

25.8

15.4

Omitted 

6.0

5.7 

2.5

3.2

12.3

Item 14. All of the following are
methods which the government
could use to cut down the private
consumption of goods and thereby
reduce competition with defense
spending. Which is the government
seeking to avoid using today?

*1) Allowing a rise in prices and a decline in the value of money

77.5

80.7

92.0

88.2

75.9

2) Discouraging installment buying

4.6

4.7

3.5

1.1

7.3

3) Increasing taxes 

7.7

5.9 

2.5

6.5 

5.5

4) Encouraging savings and investments

9.6

8.1

2.0

4.3

8.3

Omitted 

0.7

0.6

0.0

0.0

3.0

Item 15. During the “Era of Good
Feeling,” what was the chief obstacle to
the construction of means of
transportation at the expense of the
National Government?

1) Sectional rivalry

30.3 

34.7

47.5 

40.9 

33.3

2) Lack of funds

24.6

19.5

11.5

10.8

10.8

*3) The presidential veto

9.3

14.8

22.5

4.3

5.0

4) Disagreement on the value of canals as compared with railroads

29.9 

25.4

14.0

33.3

37.7

Omitted

6.9

5.7

4.5

10.8

13.4

Item 16. Which of these statements
about the doctrine of states’ rights
previous to the Civil War is false?

1) It was utilized by opposing parties at different times.

8.9

4.9

4.5

8.6

5.9

*2) It was purely a Southern doctrine.

52.3

63.4

79.0

81.7

60.9

3) It was commonly used as a cloak for other interests. 

13.6 

9.1

1.5

2.2

9.2

4) It successfully limited the power of the National Government on many occasions.

18.3

17.6

11.0

6.5

10.9

Omitted

6.9

4.9

4.0

1.1

13.1

Item 17. In what respect were the
elections of 1800 and 1824 similar?

1) In each the victorious candidate received an overwhelming majority of the popular votes.

12.8

8.1

9.0

11.8

9.7

2) In neither was the most popular candidate elected. 

19.6

13.1

10.0 

10.8

15.4

3) In each the victorious candidate received a majority of the electoral votes, but not of the popular votes.

34.5

35.2

12.0

12.9 

28.3

*4) In each the election was finally made by the House of Representatives.

23.8

36.2

53.5

43.0

19.4

Omitted

9.2

7.4

15.5

21.5

27.2

Item 18. The style of architecture
shown in the picture opposite [above] was
typical of American houses during
which of the following periods?

1) Eighteenth century

25.5

14.8

14.5

9.7

16.3

2) Early nineteenth century 

39.3

33.3 

20.0

28.0

29.7

*3) Late nineteenth century

29.2

47.7

59.0

61.3

46.2

4) Early twentieth century

4.4

3.2

1.5

0.0

3.2

Omitted 

1.6

0.9

5.0

1.1

4.6

Item 19. Which of these best accounts
for the sharp decline in the market
price of grain during the second
quarter of the nineteenth century?

*1) Improvements in means of transportation

11.7

17.6

27.0

34.4

19.1

39.6

36.9

24.5

17.2

23.5

35.7

34.7

35.5

37.6

34.9

4) Reduction of the tariff on grain

10.8

9.1

9.5

6.5

16.6

Omitted

2.1

1.7

3.5

4.3

6.0

Item 20. Three of the following
characterized politics in frontier
regions during the nineteenth century.
Which did not?

1) Frequent rotation of office-holders 

23.6

19.7

11.0

10.8

15.0

2) Liberal qualifications for voting

20.6

17.4

11.5

10.8 

21.0

*3) Conservative financial policies

27.9

46.0

65.5

73.1

39.6

4) Emphasis on individual liberties

21.2

11.6

8.0

4.3

12.0

Omitted

6.8

5.3

4.0

1.1

12.5

Item 21. At the close of the Spanish-
American War, American opposition
to the annexation of the Philippine
Islands was based chiefly on which of
these?

1) Fear of antagonizing Japan

16.0

10.2

2.0

0.0

8.8

*2) Belief that colonial possessions
were not in keeping with our
democratic ideals

48.0

61.6

74.5

82.8

57.6

3) Fear of competition with our
sugar industry 

7.4

9.5

12.5

14.0

12.2

4) Anticipated cost in lives and
money of subjugating the islands 

25.8

17.0

8.5

3.2

14.2

Omitted

2.9

1.7 

2.5

0.0

7.2

Item 22. For what primary purpose
was the first census (1790) taken?

*1) To apportion representatives
in Congress

51.9

72.7

94.0

94.6

74.9

2) To determine the racial
composition of the population

17.4

6.6

1.0

2.2

3.9

3) To discover the persons eligible
for service in the army 

3.3

1.7

2.5

0.0

2.0

4) To provide a basis for determining
population trends

24.8

16.5

2.0

1.1

13.5

Omitted 

2.6

2.5

0.5

2.2

5.7

Item 23. After which of these events
did women secure the right to vote
in national elections and to hold office?

1) Announcement of the
Declaration of Independence 

3.2

0.6

1.0

2.2

1.8

2) Passage of the Fourteenth
Amendment

52.0

34.1

4.0

9.7

26.4

3) Election of Grover Cleveland

17.8 

23.7 

4.0 

4.3

7.5

*4) Opening of the first World War

25.1

39.8

89.5

83.8

61.3

Omitted

1.9

1.9

1.5

0.0

3.0

Item 24. Which of these should be
omitted from a list of the documents
which Thomas Jefferson helped to
frame?

*1) The United States Constitution 

6.1

12.3

52.0

30.1 

8.2

2) The Declaration of Independence

2.6 

3.2

2.0 

3.2

3.7

3) The Northwest Ordinance 

57.5

65.2

36.5

58.1

69.0

4) The Virginia Statute of Religious Liberties

32.3

17.4

8.0

3.2

12.2

Omitted

1.5

1.9

1.5

5.4

7.0

Item 25. Which of these forms of
enterprise was most benefited by
direct government subsidies during
the last half of the nineteenth century?

1) Manufacturing

27.6

16.5

3.5

1.1

11.4

2) Retail merchandising

9.7

6.1

3.5

3.2

3.7

*3) Railroads

45.9

65.9

79.5

72.0

58.9

4) Merchant marine

10.8

9.5 

12.5

21.5

18.5

Omitted

6.0

2.1

1.0

2.2

7.5

Item 26. Of these means by which a
nation may come into contact with and
borrow the culture of other nations,
which has been most important in the
case of America during most of its
history?

*1) Immigration

60.1

79.0

94.0

76.3

63.5

2) Military expeditions

4.7

2.1

0.0

0.0

1.9

3) Travel

10.2

5.7

2.0

15.1

13.4

4) Commerce

23.3

12.1

4.0

8.6

17.0

Omitted

1.7

1.1

0.0

0.0

4.2

Item 27. The program sponsored by
which of these men between 1816
and 1850 was most similar to that
followed by Alexander Hamilton?

1) John C. Calhoun

17.0

16.1

6.5

10.8

10.8

*2) Henry Clay  

34.7

36.0

50.0

36.6

25.1

3) Andrew Jackson

24.0

22.0

15.0

23.7

25.2

4) Martin Van Buren

12.9

18.0

15.5

17.2

11.7

Omitted

11.3

8.0

13.0

11.9

27.2

Item 28. During the last quarter of the
nineteenth century, which of these
groups was most successful in
organizing so as to reduce competition
and in general promote its special
interests?

1) Industrial laborers  

34.5

31.6

21.5

9.7

25.9

*2) Industrialists 

32.2

45.1

69.5

84.9

51.9

3) Farmers 

20.5

13.3

4.5

0.0

7.2

4) Miners

10.0

7.6

3.0

5.4

10.6

Omitted 

2.9

2.5

1.5

0.0

4.4

Item 29. Which of the routes indicated
by letters above is approximately the
one followed by the first exploring
expedition sponsored and subsidized
by the United States government?

1) A

14.6

7.2

2.5 

6.5

11.3

2) B

20.6

17.6

3.5

7.5

18.9

*3) C

52.1

68.0

89.0

76.3

52.9

4) D

9.2

5.9

3.5

5.4

6.0

Omitted

3.5

1.3

1.5

4.3

10.9

Item 30. Which of these was an
important issue in the election of 1920?

*1) Isolation or participation in
world affairs

28.8

49.2

84.0

88.2

53.8

2) Methods to be used to recover from
economic depression

35.1

21.2

4.0

4.3

13.5

3) Trust regulation 

9.8 

10.6

2.5

3.2

6.2

4) Cancellation of war debts

20.2

16.5

8.0

4.3

20.1

Omitted 

6.2

2.5

1.5

0.0

6.4

Item 31. During the first half of the
nineteenth century, which of these
groups differed most from the other
three in its views on the desirability of
western expansion?

1) Southern planters

28.5

25.4

24.5

58.1

37.7

2) Western farmers

15.3 

11.6

4.0

11.8

10.3

3) Eastern laborers

8.5

7.0

2.5

4.3

4.1

*4) Eastern industrialists

43.6

53.0

64.5

22.6

38.1

Omitted

Item 32. Which did the Virginia and
Kentucky Resolutions have in common
with the Hartford Convention?

*1) A declaration that the central
government should be more strictly
limited in its powers

50.0

61.6 

73.0

62.4

43.6

2) A championing of the agricultural
against commercial interests

12.7

12.3

2.5

4.3 

9.5

3) The effect of weakening the parties
sponsoring them

10.0

8.3

10.0

4.3

6.5

4) Being a part of the work of the
Democratic-Republican Party

14.3

7.8

1.5

2.2

7.0

Omitted

13.1

10.0

13.0

26.9

33.5

Item 33. With regard to which of these
did the policies of Theodore Roosevelt
differ most from those of Franklin D.
Roosevelt?

1) Conservation of natural resources

17.7

15.3

5.5

8.6

9.5

*2) Latin America

36.3

46.0

68.5

67.7

38.6

3) Increasing the strength of the navy

19.0

18.2

7.5

5.4

19.8

4) Necessity for protecting the
consuming public

23.4

17.8 

16.5

17.2

24.7

Omitted

3.6

2.7 

2.0

1.1

7.4

Item 34. Which of these absorbed
most American energy and attention
during the period 1840 to 1850?

1) Maintenance of the Monroe Doctrine

14.1

9.7

2.5

4.3

12.7

*2) Territorial expansion

79_.0

91.5

88.2

69.3

3) Development of the China trade

7.0

3.6

2.5

4.3

3.9

4) Regulation of business

7.4

4.9

1.0

0.0

3.8

Omitted

4.2

2.8

2.5

3.2

10.3

*1) Currency inflation

21.9

33.9

35.0

35.5

20.2

2) Tariff

42.6

34.9

44.0

36.6

46.7

3) Foreign policy 

6.5

4.2

2.5

9.7

8.2

4) Internal improvements

26.1

24.6

15.0

14.0

16.7

Item 36. Which of the following is
so far in advance of the other three
in modern American society that
serious maladjustments have arisen?

*1) Technological development 

24.2

44.3

87.5

86.0

49.1

2) Educational theory 

11.0

9.3 

1.0 

0.0

7.5

3) Economic theory

18.2

19.7

4.5

10.8

15.4

4) Political organization

38.4

22.5

5.0

3.2

17.7

Omitted

8.3

4.2

2.0

0.0

10.3

Item 37. The instruments used by
England to plant colonies and carry
on trade in the New World during
the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries were most similar to which
of these modern forms of organization?

1) Cooperative societies

28.3

23.9

12.5

20.4

26.3

*2) Corporations

39.3

46.6

75.0

63.4

42.5

3) New Deal agencies (such as the
T. V. A.)

18.1

15.2

6.0

8.6

14.5

4) Partnerships

13.1

10.4

3.0

5.4

6.5

Omitted

4.8

4.0

3.5

2.2

10.2

Item 38. All of the following were
necessary to the rapid development of
our industries following the Civil War.
For which were we most dependent
upon European nations?

1) Efficient methods of production

8.6

11.0

2.5

5.4

3.3

*2) A labor supply

11.3

23.7

64.5

69.9

31.2

3) Markets

53.2

56.4

30.0

21.5

47.6

4) Raw materials

24.7

8.0

1.5

2.2

12.7

Omitted

2.2

1.0

1.5

1.1 

5.2

Item 39. What has been a trend in
the Negro population of the United
States since the Civil War?

1) The percentage of our population
which is Negro has increased greatly

41.3

34.7

16.0

16.1

26.2

2) Negroes have been moving from
urban to rural areas 

12.1

3.6 

0.0

2.2

3.6

3) The number of Negroes has been
decreasing

6.1

1.5

1.0

1.1

2.0

*4) Negroes are becoming more widely
diffused geographically

38.1

59.5

81.0

78.5

63.0

Omitted 

2.5

0.8

2.0

2.2

5.3

Item 40. Which of these wars, like
the present one, obliged a president of
the United States to turn his attention
from a comprehensive program of
reform to military preparedness?

1) Mexican War

6.7

8.3 

3.0

3.2

7.0

2) Civil War

18.5

18.9

9.0

6.5

18.2

3) Spanish-American War

18.0

18.4

12.5

4.3

12.6

*4) First World War

53.5

51.3

73.0

83.9

55.7

Omitted

3.2

3.0

2.5

2.2

6.6

Item 41. The style of the painting
above indicates that it was done by
which of the following American artists?

1) Grant Wood

22.8

23.3

27.5

17.2

24.4

*2) Thomas Hart Benton 

33.9

40.0

42.5

64.5

32.6

3) Frederic Remington

13.7

8.3

2.0

3.2

9.8

4) Benjamin West

15.8

18.8

8.0

3.2

9.8

Omitted

13.7

9.7

20.0

11.8

26.9

Item 42. Which of these developments
in journalism has come primarily
since the beginning of the twentieth century?

1) Use of editorials

16.1

10.8

5.0

1.1

9.6

*2) Chain newspapers

21.2 

41.9

75.0

90.3

50.8

3) Daily editions

35.0

23.9

7.0

4.3

16.7

4) Low cost newspapers

24.3

21.2

11.0

2.2

16.0

Omitted 

3.3

2.3

2.0

2.2

6.9

Item 43. Which method was most
commonly used by plantation owners
during the seventeenth century to
secure a supply of labor?

1) Tenant farming and sharecropping

7.9

5.7

2.5

1.1

6.8

2) Purchase of Negro slaves 

66.1

56.3

45.5

40.9

53.2

3) Hiring of white wage earners

2.0

1.9

1.5

2.2

1.9

*4) Importation of white servants
for a fixed period of bondage

22.4

35.2

48.5

54.8

27.3

Omitted

1.5

1.0

2.0

1.1

5.7

Item 44. Organized labor in America
has made much less use of which of
these than has organized labor in Europe?

*1) Labor political parties

32.3

57.8

77.0

86.0

62.4

2) The strike

10.7

4.9

1.0

0.0

3.4

3) Industrial unions

10.4

4.9

2.0

1.1

3.8

4) Craft unions

42.6

29.9

13.5

10.8

23.4

Omitted

4.0

2.5

1.5

2.2

7.0

Item 45. Why were strenuous
objections made when President
Cleveland sent Federal troops into
Illinois during the Pullman strike of 1894?

1) The Federal Constitution expressly
forbids the use of Federal troops within
a state.

9.5

7.6

4.0

6.5

9.5

2) Under the Constitution, only
Congress can authorize the use of
Federal troops.

37.8

36.7

8.5

4.3

18.1

*3) The President did not receive the
consent of the state authorities before
sending troops.

37.5

43.4

75.0

84.9

47.6

4) It was felt that all troops should be
retained in the East in anticipation of a
war with Spain.

8.9

7.6

4.0

1.1

8.4

Omitted

6.3

4 7

8.5

3.2

Item 46. After which of these events
did the size of the urban population
first surpass that of the rural population?

1) Building of the Erie Canal

10.4

9.9

9.5

6.5

7.9

2) Passage of the Homestead Act

28.9

20.5

2.0

12.2

3) Passing of the frontier

27.7

37.9

32.5

26.9

21.3

*4) World War

27.4

27.1

53.5

62.4

46.4

Omitted

5.6

4.7

2.5

4.3

12.3

Item 47. Which of these has traditionally
been a part of the Far Eastern policy
of the United States?

*1) To maintain equal commercial
opportunities for all nations in that
region.

40.1

52.5

75.0

81.7

48.4

2) To extend our “sphere of influence”
in the Far East

25.4

19.1

8.0

4.3

14.4

3) To allow Far Eastern problems to be
solved by the nations of the region
without intervention by other powers

24.0

22.7

10.0

11.8

23.5

4) To assist the expansion of China at
the expense of Japan

3.1

1.1

2.0

2.2

1.9

Omitted

7.4

4.5

5.0

0.0

11.7

Item 48. After which of these events
did the United States announce a policy
which stated that we would be hostile
to any attempt by a European nation
to establish additional colonies in the
Western Hemisphere?

1) American Revolution

18.0

10.0

3.5

3.2

12.2

2) Purchase of Louisiana

22.3

19.5

10.5

15.1

18.6

*3) Ending of the War of 1812

45.7

59.9

76.0

74.2

49.6

4) Election of Andrew Jackson

8.6

7.0

7.0

7.5

8.0

Omitted

5.4

3.6

3.0

0.0

11.6

Item 49. Before being admitted to
the Union, every state was required
to do which of these?

*1) Frame a constitution

20.6

22.9

54.0

39.8

21.1

2) Pass through the territorial stage
of government

15.2

19.7

21.5

14.0

16.9

3) Cede its lands to the National
Government

11.0

9.5

0.5

2.2

4.6

4) Ratify the National Constitution

50.0

44.1

19.0

43.0

48.3

Omitted

3.2

3.8

5.0

1.1

9.0

Item 50. After which of these events
did the United States take a leading
role in an international conference,
the chief object of which was to
stabilize relations in the Far East?

1) Admiral Perry^’s visit to Japan

33.0

31.6

13.5

8.6

21.7

2) Acquisition of the Philippine Islands

29.1

35.6

18.5

28.0

26.3

*3) Peace Conference at Versailles

16.0

11.2

46.5

44.1

22.1

4) Invasion of China by Japan

16.4

18.0 

14.5

15.1

17.9

Omitted

5.6

3.6

7.0

4.3

12.1

Item 51. Which of these is more
characteristic of a democratic than
of a totalitarian society?

*1) Willingness to allow people to
have interests and belong to groups
not completely subordinate to the state

45.4

60.8

85.5

93.6

64.9

2) Desire to educate youth for its way
of life

22.7

13.6

7.5

3.2

11.8

3) Concern for the economic security
of its citizens

20.6

17.2

4.0

3.2

11.6

4) Placing emphasis on foreign trade
and investments

5.6

2.8

1.5

Omitted

5.8

5.5

3.0

0.0

10.1

Item 52. The nature of colonial schools
shows that the chief educational interest
of the time was which of these?

*1) Higher education for leaders

26.6 

34.3

79.0

76.3

48.4

2) Elementary education for the masses

29.7

30.3

12.0

7.5

17.8

3) Vocational education for those
desiring it

17.0

13.5

2.5

1.1

5.6

4) Identical educational opportunities
for all regardless of wealth and position

23.2

17.2

3.5

14.0

17.8

Omitted

3.5

4.7

3.0

1.1

10.4

Item 53. Of the routes indicated by
letters on the map on the following page [above],
which is the one followed by the first
interstate road to be built at government
expense?

1) A

27.6

25.2

8.5

27.9

28.9

*2) B

29.6

28.4

61.5

47.3

29.0

3) C

29.5

33.7

24.0

16.1

19.7

4) D

5.4

7.0

0.5

0.0

1.9

Omitted

8.0

5.7

5.5

9.7

20.6

Item 54. Previous to the Civil War,
which of these was a factor linking the
West to the South?

*1) Southern dependence on food
imports

22.1

26.5

50.0

35.5

20.8

2) Location of chief railroads and
turnpikes

19.2

16.7

17.0

20.4

21.4

3) Dependence of Western mills on
Southern cotton

28.7

14.0

6.0

11.8

21.0

4) Southern capital invested in
Western farms and industry

25.3

38.1

20.0

23.7

23.2

Omitted

4.7

4.7

7.0

8.6

13.6

Item 55. In which of these has the
common man made the least gain
during the last one hundred years?

1) Amount of leisure time

35.7

21.4

3.0

3.3

17.0

2) Political rights

15.2

18.9

8.0

16.1

13.0

3) Educational opportunities

6.5

5.3

4.0

2.2

4.7

*4) Security of employment

38.8

49.4

82.0

76.3

56.1

Omitted

3.8

4.9

3.0

2.2

9.2

Item 56. The inability to find a
satisfactory solution to which of these
problems was of greatest importance
in causing the Civil War?

*1) The status of Negroes in the
territories

45.0

46.0

50.0

64.5

47.4

2) The level of the tariff

13.5

15.0

10.0

5.4

10.1

3) The amount of compensation
to be paid for freeing the slaves

11.6

6.4

1.5

2.2

8.1

4) The relative representation of
North and South in Congress

25.1

27.7

33.5

28.0

24.5

Omitted

4.8

4.6

5.0

0.0

9.9

Item 57. If the size of the circles in
the map above indicates the relative
amount of emigration to the United
States from the various countries, what
is the period to which this map applies?

1) 1840 to 1850

8.2

7.4

1.5

1.1 

4.0

2) 1860 to 1870

19.2

14.8

1.5

1.1

5.8

3) 1880 to 1890

33.1

35.0

23.5

26.9

27.8

*4) 1900 to 1910

23.1

34.1

66.0

68.8

41.6

Omitted

11.4

8.7

7.5

2.2

20.9

Item 58. Which is probably the best
reason why only 500,000 Indians
were living in what is now the United
States at the time of the discovery of
America?

1) The Indians had only recently
migrated from Asia and had not had
time to show much of a increase natural

20.7

11.2

1.5

3.2

8.1

2) Indian civilization was declining
and the Indians were on the way to
becoming an extinct race

23.7

18.4

10.0

16.1

22.5

3) Large families were looked
upon by the Indians as a mark of
social inferiority

6.8

6.3

0.0

3.2

4.1

*4) The way Indians made a living
would not permit the existence of
a much larger number

42.4

58.7

83.5

74.2

53.6

Omitted

6.4

5.5

5.0

3.2

11.7

Item 59. Which two groups played
the most important role in the
exploring and colonizing efforts of
both France and Spain?

1) Merchants and soldiers

24.6

24.6

6.5

3.2

19.5

2) Merchants and farmers

22.1

9.9

1.0

0.0

8.3

*3) Priests and soldiers

32.9

49.4

78.0

92.5

48.8

4) Priests and farmers

14.4

10.6

5.5

2.2

9.6

Omitted

6.0

5.5

9.0

2.2

13.9

Item 60. Which of these great
documents contains a statement of
principles rather than a proposed
framework of government?

*1) Declaration of Independence

39.4

57.0

91.5

98.9

65.8

2) Ordinance of 1787

11.6

7.0

1.0

0.0

3.0

3) Albany Plan

12.8

10.4

1.0

0.0

3.1

4) Articles of Confederation

28.4

17.4

2.5

1.1

14.9

Omitted

7.8

8.1

4.0

0.0

13.2

Item 61. Which was not used by the
New Deal as a means of stimulating
recovery following the depression of
1929?

*1) Lowering prices to encourage
mass purchase

17.2

22.0

51.0

61.3

31.7

2) Lowering tariff rates

16.7

25.2

16.5

20.4

18.4

3) Increasing the amount of money
in circulation

13.9

28.6

20.5

5.4

25.4

4) Establishing minimum wages

19.3

16.1

5.0

11.8

13.9

Omitted

8.1

7.0

1.1

10.7

Item 62. Which of the maps on the
opposite page [above] shows the distribution
of votes in the famous Bryan-McKinley
election of 1896?

1) Map 1

5.3

4.9

1.0

3.2

2.0

*2) Map 2

23.1

31.8

46.0

57.0

25.7

3) Map 3

26.8

20.3

13.0

6.5

12.2

4) Map 4

29.0

26.7

24.5

29.0

29.2

Omitted

15.9 

16.3

16.5

4.3

30.9

Item 63. What was the chief objective of
the Specie Circular issued by Andrew
Jackson?

1) To strengthen the National Bank 

33.6

20.1

9.0

18.3

26.6

*2) To curb speculation in public lands

15.1

32.2

54.5

29.0

16.4

3) To establish the single gold
standard

23.3

19.3

4.0

6.5 

15.4

4) To satisfy the demands of
debtor classes for “cheap” money 

13.5

13.6

21.0

32.3

15.8

Omitted 

14.4

14.8

11.5

14.0 

25.8

Item 64. What significant step was
taken by the United States government
during the first World War to insure
adequate transportation facilities for
military purposes?

*1) Establishment of Federal operation
of railroads

68.3

77.8

94.0

98.9

78.8

2) Complete prohibition of civilian
travel

4.6

3.6

0.0

0.0

2.3

3) Commandeering of all privately
owned cars and trucks

6.3

3.4

0.0

0.0

1.3

4) Doubling of railroad mileage

12.5

8.1

0.5

1.1

6.7

Omitted

8.4

7.0

5.5

0.0

11.0

Item 65. What great principle of
government was more firmly
established by Chief Justice John
Marshall’s decision in the case of
McCulloch vs. Maryland?

*1) That the National Government
might exercise powers not expressly
stated in the Constitution

12.9

20.3

39.5

25.8

11.9

2) That the Supreme Court had the
right to review the constitutionality
of a law passed by Congress

33.1

27.8

23.5

32.3

24.9

3) That a state might not impair
obligations assumed in a contract

15.5

21.4

17.0

22.6

14.5

4) That the National Government had
the power to regulate interstate
commerce

23.5

17.4

5.5

6.5

21.9

Omitted

15.0

13.1

14.5

12.9

26.8